Graphite Recycling from End‐of‐Life Lithium‐Ion Batteries: Processes and Applications

The number of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) from hybrid and electric vehicles that are produced or discarded every year is growing exponentially, which may pose risks to supply lines limited resources. Thus, recycling regeneration end-of-life LIBs (EoL-LIBs) becoming an urgent critical task for a sustainable environmentally friendly future. In this regard, much attention, especially in industry, expended developing cathode materials the other valuable materials, but not attention dedicated reuse graphite (Gr) EoL-LIBs. Herein, current status EoL-LIB summarized, with focus on purification Gr, state-of-the-art anode material most commercial LIBs. According recent advances regarding Gr recycling, three major processes categorized, including i) washing different solvents, ii) thermal treatment process, iii) (chemical thermal) processes. Depending source LIBs, method quality separation purification, recycled can be reutilized as active battery industries, graphene production, well many alternative applications, also addressed here.